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Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia

Title: INTEGRATED BENEFICIATION STUDIES ON LOW-GRADE MANGANESE ORES FROM MOHMAND, PAKISTAN: INSIGHTS FROM PETROGRAPHY, GEOCHEMISTRY AND XRD ANALYSIS
Authors: Shahab Muhammad, Ullah Irfan, Ali Liaqat, Ahmad Ishaq, Sherin Saira, Alshehri Fahad, Kontakiotis George, Jalil Raham and Siyar Syed Mamoon
DOI: 10.13168/AGG.2026.0018
Journal: Acta Geodynamica et Geomaterialia, Vol. 23, No. 2 (222), Prague 2026
Full Text: PDF file (1.7 MB)
Keywords: Mineralogy, Beneficiation, Mohmand, Pakistan
Abstract: Beneficiation investigations targeting the low-grade manganese ores situated within the boundaries of the Mohmand district were executed with the aim of connecting their potential for integration into manganese-centric industrial applications. A meticulous delineation of these ores was undertaken through a comprehensive amalgamation of petrographic, geochemical and mineralogical analyses, followed by experimental assessments to determine paths for their value upgrading. Employing physical beneficiation methodologies, notably gravity and magnetic separation, led to discernible enhancements in the manganese-to-iron (Mn:Fe) ratio, thus substantiating the feasibility of upgrading these ores. Geochemical characterization classified the ores as siliceous manganese ores, while mineralogical scrutiny delineated braunite and pyrolusite as the principal manganese-bearing minerals. Quartz (SiO2) emerged as the predominant gangue mineral, accompanied by minor quantities of calcite (CaCO3) and hematite (Fe2O3). Noteworthy is the fractured nature of the manganese minerals, compounded by secondary quartz infillings. Beneficiation endeavors underscored the efficiency of coarser grain sizes in achieving optimal liberation degrees for these low-grade ores. The findings underscore the potential for substantial augmentation in manganese content, evidenced by an elevation from 24 wt. % to 43.6 wt. % through gravity separation, coupled with a recovery rate of 66.49%. Magnetic separation interventions yielded further improvements, elevating the concentration to 45.96 wt. %, while concurrently enhancing recovery rates to 89.17 %. The cumulative outcomes underscore the viability of integrating these beneficiation strategies into industrial processes, thereby fostering enhanced utilization of low-grade manganese ores within the Mohmand district.